This task could tie into Assignment 4, which requires Web research to find other firms. Students with a background in Web design probably will have suggestions and comments to share with the class. On the SCR intranet, visit the data, forms, and resource libraries and review a sample of the information in each library.
This task provides an overview of the site and will give students a valuable introduction to the case study. If you have not done so already, this would be a good time to explain the main features of the case study, which include the SCR intranet, personalized e-mail messages, the reference libraries, and the task list for each session.
Using the SCR functions and organization listed in the data library, create an organization chart using Microsoft Word, Visio, or a drawing program. Students can use the list of SCR functions and organization Document from the data library to create an organization chart.
A sample chart follows: 4. Get on the Internet and find three other IT consulting firms. She wants a brief description of each firm and the services it offers.
Students should have little difficulty locating IT consulting firms. This would be a good topic for student reports, and for actual visits to the online sites if computer resources are available in the classroom.
You might ask students to critique each site on the basis of useful information content, organization, and aesthetics. What is information technology, and why is it important to a business? Information technology IT is a combination of hardware and software products and services that companies use to manage, access, communicate, and share information.
More than ever, business success depends on information technology. According to a Department of Commerce report, the IT industry has created a new economy, where advances in hardware, software, and connectivity provide unprecedented benefits to businesses and individuals around the world.
Page 4 2. Define business profiles, processes, and modeling.. A business process describes specific events, tasks, and desired results. A business model graphically represents business functions that consist of business processes such as sales, accounting, and purchasing that perform specific tasks. Pages 10 3. An information system has five key components: hardware, software, data, processes, and people. People who have an interest in an information system are called stakeholders.
Stakeholder groups include the management group responsible for the system; the users, sometimes called end users, inside and outside the company who will interact with the system; and IT staff members, such as systems analysts, programmers, and network administrators who develop and support the system Pages 4.
Explain the difference between vertical and horizontal systems packages. A horizontal system is a basic system, such as an inventory or payroll program, that can be adapted for use in many companies. A vertical system is designed to meet the unique requirements of a specific business or industry, such as a Web-based retailer or a video rental chain.
Page 8 5. How do companies use EDI? What are some advantages of using XML? Online trading marketplaces initially were developed as company-to-company data- sharing arrangements called electronic data interchange EDI. EDI enabled computer-to- computer transfer of data between companies, usually over private telecommunications networks.
As B2B volume soared, the development of extensible markup language XML enabled company-to-company traffic to migrate to the Internet, which offered standard protocols, universal availability, and low communication costs.
XML is a data description language that allows Web-based communication between different hardware and software environments. The unique advantage of XML is that data description is not linked to output formatting. This is just the opposite of HTML hypertext markup language , where the language controls the way the information is displayed on a Web browser. Page 14 6. Describe five types of information systems, and give an example of each.
Information systems include enterprise computing systems, transaction processing systems, business support systems, knowledge management systems, and user productivity systems. Enterprise computing systems support company-wide data management requirements.
Airline reservation and credit card billing systems are examples of enterprise computing systems. Transaction processing TP systems process data generated by day-to-day business operations. Examples of TP systems include customer billing, accounts receivable, and warranty claim processing. Business support systems provide job-related information support to users at all levels.
These systems can analyze transactional data, generate information needed to manage and control business processes, and provide information that leads to better decision making. A tracking system that analyzes sales trends and forecasts future volume is an example of a business support system.
Knowledge management systems simulate human reasoning by combining a knowledge base and inference rules that determine how the knowledge is applied. Online tech support systems are examples of knowledge management systems. User productivity systems provide employees at all organizational levels with a wide array of tools that can improve quality, job performance, and productivity.
User productivity systems include networking, e-mail, voice mail, fax, video conferencing, word processing, automated calendars, database management, spreadsheets, desktop publishing, presentation graphics, company intranets, and Internet access. Pages 15 - 17 7. Describe four organizational levels of a typical business and their information requirements. Four organizational levels are operational personnel, lower management, middle management, and top management. Operational personnel need very detailed information directly related to the job functions they perform.
Members of lower management, such as supervisors and team leaders, need detailed operational information and some exception and summary information specific to their narrow areas of responsibility.
Middle managers need less detailed information, more exception and summary information, and broader information than lower management. Top managers need summary-level information; one-time, what-if information; and external information to support the strategic planning process. Describe the phases of the systems development life cycle, and compare the SDLC waterfall model to the spiral model.
The systems development life cycle consists of five phases: systems planning, systems analysis, systems design, systems implementation, and systems operation and support. During the systems planning phase, you identify the nature and scope of the problems discovered in the systems request and conduct a preliminary investigation. The purpose of the systems analysis phase is to learn exactly what takes place in the current system, determine and fully document in detail what should take place, and make recommendations to management on the alternative solutions and their costs.
The purpose of the systems design phase is to determine how to construct the information system to best satisfy the documented requirements. Systems implementation is the phase during which the information system actually is constructed.
During systems support and security, the end users take ownership of the constructed information system, the system is evaluated, and the IT department provides ongoing support through maintenance changes and enhancements. Pages 22 - 24 9. Explain the use of models, prototypes, and CASE tools in the systems development process. Also explain the pros and cons of agile development methods.
Modeling produces a graphical representation of a concept or process that systems developers can analyze, test, and modify. A systems analyst can describe and simplify an information system by using a set of business, data, object, network, and process models. Prototyping involves the creation of an early working version of an information system or its components. A prototype can serve as an initial model that is used as a benchmark to evaluate the completed system, or it can develop into the final version of the system.
CASE tools help systems analysts develop and maintain information systems. CASE tools provide an overall framework for systems development, support a wide variety of design methodologies, boost IT productivity, and improve the quality of the finished product. Agile development methods have attracted a wide following and an entire community of users.
Agile methods typically use a spiral model, which represents a series of iterations, or revisions, which are based on user feedback. Proponents of the spiral model believe that this approach reduces risks and speeds up software development. Analysts should recognize that agile methods have advantages and disadvantages. By their nature, agile methods allow developers to be much more flexible and responsive, but can be riskier than more traditional methods.
Other potential disadvantages of adaptive methods can include weak documentation, blurred lines of accountability, and too little emphasis on the larger business picture. Also, unless properly implemented, a long series of iterations might actually add to project cost and development time. What is objected-oriented analysis, and how does it differ from structured analysis? O-O analysis uses object models to represent data, behavior, and the means objects affect other objects.
By describing the objects data and methods processes needed to support a business operation, a system developer can design reusable components for faster system implementation and decreased development cost. Some experts believe that the growth in e-commerce will cause states and local governments to lose a significant amount of sales tax revenue, unless Internet transactions are subject to sales tax.
Do you agree? Why or why not? This issue has sparked strong differences of opinion among national and state leaders, consumer advocacy groups, and trade associations whose members offer online sales and services. In some respects, the same question could apply to mail order firms who conduct no physical operations within a state or locality. Examples would include firms such as L.
Bean and Lands End. Should the Internet be treated differently? You might want your students to do some preliminary research and then debate this issue. Also, you might follow this topic as news items occur during the course. Present an argument for and against the following proposition: Because IT managers must understand all phases of the business, a company should fill top management vacancies by promoting IT managers.
Some possible arguments for the proposition follow: a. Information technology IT management has a broad understanding of the information processing of the company instead of the narrower view held by managers from other areas of the company.
IT management deals with all functional company areas so members of IT management know and interrelate with the people who lead and who work in these areas. Because they provide needed services to these areas, IT management personnel have the support of the key personnel from these areas. Information systems development and maintenance is complex and requires extraordinary management skills to operate successfully.
These same skills are necessary in top-level management positions. Computer technology dominates many companies today. Today's technology leaders should be tomorrow's business leaders. Some possible arguments against the proposition follow: a. IT management is more comfortable dealing with computers and with procedures, and less comfortable dealing with people. Top-level management positions require a strong interest in people and strong skills in dealing with people.
Whether a firm is product-oriented or service-oriented, it must make a profit to survive. Future company leaders should, therefore, come from the production, service, or financial areas, because these areas are the most important to a company. It is unwise to restrict prospects for top-level management positions to one specific area of the company. Competent leaders are apt to rise from many different departments.
People who have worked in several different functional areas are better rounded than those restricted to just one area. So, unless the IT manager has worked outside the IT department, he or she essentially is a specialist and is at a disadvantage compared to someone with more general knowledge and skills. Should the CIO or CTO report to the company president, to the finance department, where many of the information systems are used, or to someone or somewhere else?
Why would it matter? Several possible advantages of having the IT director report to the chief financial officer of the company follow: a.
The operation of the IT department represents a large expense for most companies. The chief financial officer is in the best position to monitor and control this expense. Financial information systems are among the first in a company to be computerized, and it is natural, therefore, to place the IT department under the chief financial officer.
It would be difficult for a company to make a profit if it did not have excellent control over its data and information. The chief financial officer has responsibility for all centralized monetary functions.
Therefore, this same person should have responsibility for all centralized data and information processing functions. Too many technical details are involved with the operation of the information technology department, and having the department report to the president would be unwise. Logically the finance area is the only lower-level area of the company that has the breadth of responsibility necessary to manage the IT department.
Several possible disadvantages of having the IT director report to the chief financial officer of the company follow: a. There is a danger that too much attention would be paid to the financial information systems and not enough to other information systems. The IT department should report to the president of the company because information technology is as important to the company as the company's financial functions. They, therefore, deserve equal attention from the president.
Information technology is too complicated to assign to someone whose expertise is finance and not computer technology. Computers perform many jobs that previously were performed by people.
Will computer- based transactions and expanded e-commerce eventually replace person-to-person contact? IT professionals agree that computer technology is changing the way companies do business. Many brick-and-mortar firms are launching large-scale B2B and B2C ventures that profoundly will affect traditional business practices and operations. The real question is how these changes will affect people in an information-oriented society.
Reasonable people differ on these issues, and you might want to propose a debate among your students. For additional background and viewpoints about the impact of computer technology on traditional person-to-person interaction, students can perform research on the Internet and compare the views of technology-based publications such as InfoWorld, to mainstream business publications such as Fortune, Forbes, and the Harvard Business Review, among others.
Projects 1. Contact at least three people at your school or a nearby company who use information systems. List the systems, the position titles of the users, and the business functions that the systems support. Answers will vary. Students could perform this task as individuals or work in teams. It might be interesting to compare and discuss the various ways in which businesses manage information.
Research newspaper, business magazine articles, or the Web to find computer companies whose stock is traded publicly. What is the current price per share? Why did you choose that company? Report each week to your class on how your stock is doing. This project assumes that students have some basic understanding of the stock market.
If they do, sites such as Yahoo! If students need fundamental information about investing in stocks, you might direct them to the material at www. An industry leader like Vanguard also offers free online information about investing at its Web site www. Also, many school and community libraries can assist students in learning about financial terms and concepts, including stock market investments. Do a search on the Web to learn more about agile system development approaches and spiral models.
Prepare a summary of the results and a list of the sites you visited. Many sites describe and discuss agile methods. Students should have no trouble finding material on agile methods and spiral models and preparing a summary of the results.
Several sites are shown in the text, and a simple search will produce a list of many more. Is it really possible to measure thinking skills? Before you decide, visit Certiport's Web site shown in Figure and investigate the critical thinking certification.
Also visit the Critical Thinking Community site shown in Figure Prepare a brief memo with your conclusion and reasons. To succeed in the classroom or the workplace, students must be able to define, access, evaluate, manage, integrate, create, and communicate information. These skills are described in the following table, which is from the Certiport.
As instructors, we should encourage students to learn and practice these skills. Although Low-Voltage has a computerized accounting system, that system is not capable of handling EDI.
By developing a new order entry system, Low-Voltage will improve efficiency and strengthen its bond with TX Industries. The computer-to-computer link also will enable Low-Voltage to provide better IT support for production planning, and IT industries should be able to reduce manufacturing costs. What terms or concepts describe the proposed computer-to-computer relationship between Low-Voltage and TX Industries?
The proposed order entry system will perform online transaction processing. An ERP strategy depends on the size of the firm and how it integrates its operations and financial data, among other factors. To increase your knowledge, search the Internet to perform the following research: 1. Find information about a career as a systems analyst. Many sources for IT career information exist on the Web. Online publications such as InfoWorld provide various articles, resources, and links.
Using the Internet, determine whether the Federal Bureau of Labor Statistics lists salary information for systems analysts. If so, summarize the information you find. The Bureau of Labor Statistics maintains salary surveys for a wide range of jobs.
Find at least two online ads for systems analysts and list the employers, the qualifications, and the salaries, if mentioned. The Internet offers numerous sites for job seekers, and students should have no problem locating examples.
Find at least one ad for an IT position that specifically mentions e-commerce. The e-commerce boom has sharply increased demand for IT professionals with e- commerce experience and skills. Students should have no trouble finding examples on the Web. To prepare for the interview, you decide to review your knowledge about corporations, including the following questions: 1. What are the four organizational levels in a typical company?
In the typical organizational model, operational personnel report to lower-level and middle-level managers, who in turn report to top managers. How can you classify companies based on their mix of products and services?
Traditionally, companies were identified as production-oriented or service-oriented. A new category, Internet-dependent companies, includes companies that depend on the Internet as a primary business channel. Shelly Harry J. Getting the books systems analysis design 9th edition kendall now is not type of Systems Analysis and Design 9th Edition Pdf exigo. The challenges differ with each level of management are as followed: corporate approval, amount of changing adversity in MPI, demographic change in the workplace, creating ownership and accountability in the organization, customer expectations, management change, workload and developing in your owner position and trying to develop other employees.
You should start by checking out a DSST Principles of Supervision study guide, which will provide a detailed exam outline, sample questions, and helpful study tips. Project management is about making things happen. Be familiar with the principles of risk management. The Principles of Management CLEP exam covers the material that would generally be taught in an undergraduate introductory course on management.
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See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. Published on Nov 12, Discover a practical, streamlined, updated approach to information systems development that covers both traditional and emerging technologies and approaches to systems analysis and design.
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